The drilling rig is the main machine for drilling operations. It drives the drilling tools and drill bit to drill deeper into the strata, and uses a hoist on the rig to perform auxiliary tasks such as raising and lowering the drilling tools and casing, extracting core samples, and changing drill bits. The main function of the pump is to deliver flushing fluid into the hole to clean the bottom of the hole, cool the drill bit, and lubricate the drilling tools. The purposes and construction targets of geotechnical drilling projects vary, resulting in a wide variety of drilling rigs. Drilling rigs can be classified according to their uses, such as core drilling rigs, oil drilling rigs, hydrogeological survey and water well drilling rigs, engineering geological exploration drilling rigs, tunnel drilling rigs, and engineering construction drilling rigs.
According to the drilling method, drilling rigs can be divided into four categories:
(1) Percussion drilling rigs: wire rope percussion type and drill rod percussion type drilling rigs. (2) Rotary drilling rigs: Vertical shaft type – hand-operated feed type, spiral differential feed type, hydraulic feed type; Rotary table type – steel cable pressure-reducing type, hydraulic cylinder pressure-reducing type; Moving rotary head type – fully hydraulic power head type, mechanical power head type.
(3) Vibratory drilling rigs.
(4) Composite drilling rigs: Drilling rigs that combine vibration, impact, rotation, and static pressure functions in different ways.
